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Advances in the modern interpretation of myth and in the history of ancient religion in general have radically modified our ways of studying the names and the naming of the gods. Two avenues of research notably are current today : the relationship between the narration of the myth and the name (all « speaking » names tell a story) and the necessity for the faithful to identify, to distinguish and to name the divine, in polytheisms naturally, but also in monotheisms. Can the name of a god be only a label Calling (for help), singing (in praise), invoking (with others), calling to witness (as a guarantee), all involve this important act of identification, a recognition, in the heart of a process which seems more complex than it appeared to be at first glance. The fact that this identification is made in common (and in community) draws attention to another methodological requirement. Beyond the signified « divine entity » lie the language act and its context, which are part of the naming : this means that its linguistic and social aspects must be taken into consideration. At issue then is studying the thousand ways in which the gods are designated in the religions of Antiquity : names, qualifiers, theonyms, hieronyms, epithets, epicleses. The cataloguing and the exegesis of the divine appellations are accompanied by a consideration of the notion itself of « divine name » from an avowedly multidisciplinary point of view. While the majority of the contributions deal with Greek and Roman religion, as many pages as possible have been left, in the interest of a comparatist point of view, for Egyptian religion (under the pharaohs and the Ptolemies), Oscan-speakers, Judaism and Christianism. The documents studied include texts, literary and other, in prose and in poetry, papyri, inscriptions, vascular graffiti. Thanks to the discovery of unpublished material, to the progress of our studies and their objects, to the consideration of document types, regions and periods which had not been sufficiently taken into account, new light is thrown upon the question of divine names. Through the meeting of rhetoric and religion the present book thus opens new perspectives. The result of two colloquia organised by the Universities of Rennes and of Strasbourg, with the participation of the University of Naples, Naming the Gods is a book which has been carefully constructed and thought out through time. It is a richly illustrated summa which unites the contributions of many French and European colleagues, confirmed scholars for the most part, but also younger researchers who form the hope of our disciplines ; it promises to be a landmark.